Councilman James Gennaro enjoys a Newtown Pippin on the steps of city hall.

As City Councilman James Gennaro took to the microphone at a crowded public hearing last month to argue against natural gas drilling near New York’s upstate water reservoirs, the rowdy auditorium that had just mauled the deputy mayor during his remarks grew quiet. This man they let speak.

The tall, salt-and-pepper-haired Queens native proceeded to read a statement off a printed script, eyeing every word studiously through a pair of thick spectacles he put on just for the occasion.

Shortly after he finished speaking, Gennaro took a seat on a bench in the lobby. There, in between conversations with supporters and journalists, he pored over the speech, marked up with blue ink, and pondered aloud what he could have done better. “What word couldn’t I say?” he thought out loud. “I had to make a change on the fly. ‘Ironic’ worked. ‘Iconic’ was a no go,” he added, concluding: “I did ok.”

The younger James Gennaro might well have disagreed. Both he and his older brother John suffered from a stuttering problem growing up. And though John will freely admit that Jim’s stuttering was much worse, his little brother has nonetheless thrived in a career where public speaking is as important to him as a hammer to a carpenter or a violin to a violinist.

Now in his seventh year as the chairman of the New York City Council Environmental Protection Committee, Gennaro has become an outspoken champion of some of New York’s most important environmental initiatives, including the 2007 act that mandated a 30 percent reduction in the city’s carbon footprint by 2030. He’s done so by campaigning long and hard both in the legislative chambers as well as in the streets to make sure he got every vote he needed. He’s made countless speeches and given innumerable interviews, in each one trying to balance his concern over the patterns of his speech with the passion he feels for the environment.

He hasn’t always succeeded, but the competitive spirit has helped him overcome numerous obstacles just as he has managed to tame his speaking impediment. It’s also landed him in some trouble and caused some who know the geologist-by-training to question his temperament.

Gennaro says he inherrited his competitive nature from his father Lou – a jeweler by trade who also loved baseball and once tried out for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He used to play the game with his sons on family outings up in the Catskills. “We were playing for blood. It was really, really serious,” Gennaro recalls. “To go back to the dugout and face him, that was not pretty.”

Renee Lobo, a Queens community activist who challenged him for his seat in 2005, considers him a tough, all-or-nothing competitor. “We sparred,” she says. When she called to congratulate him after losing the primary, she says he asked her, “’How dare you run against me?’”

“I definitely thought he had anger issues at the time,” Lobo recalls. “I think down the road he learned how to manage his anger.”

Lobo says she admires Gennaro’s environmental record and now sees him as a friend and ally. After a long post-election silence, the two met again at a city council hearing in 2008. Lobo then suffered a broken leg while Gennaro was hobbled by a broken ankle. Gennaro recognized her and initiated some small-talk over their injuries, she recalls, and the two bonded and have been on good terms ever since. Lobo even supported him in his ultimately unsuccessful bid to unseat State Senator Frank Padavan (R-Queens), who’s held the 11th senate district seat since before Gennaro was a freshman geology major at Stony Brook University in 1975. The race triggered a recount since only a few hundred votes separated the two men.

“It was courageous to go up against someone like that. And to get that close was nutty,” says his brother John. He credits the near-win to his brother’s all-or-nothing attitude: “He has no ‘plan B.’ He just plans on winning.”

In previous campaigns, his competitive attitude ignited controversy. In 2007 the New York City Conflicts of Interest Board fined Gennaro $2,000 because an aide who volunteered for his 2003 re-election campaign used his government office computer, printer, and paper for the campaign, the board said. Gennaro took responsibility for not having known about it. “The lesson learned is that I am responsible and accountable for everything and anything my people do. The buck stops with me no matter what. This episode etched that credo into my bone marrow,” he wrote in an email.

In the legislative chamber, Gennaro can also be a formidable competitor, doing everything he can to get serious consideration for his bills – no matter how big or small. On a rainy Monday morning in November, for example, he called a news conference to hand out dozens of Newtown Pippins, sour green apples native to Queens, as an effort to urge city council members to pass his resolution naming Pippins the official apple of the “Big Apple.” Boxes of apple muffins destined for the city council also quietly piled up, prompting a reporter to ask whether he is attempting to sweet-talk his colleagues into backing the bill. Gennaro smiled, bit an apple and demurred. But he stuttered a bit when asked why the seemingly innocuous proposition hasn’t passed city hall months after being introduced.

“You know, it’s just there’s a lot of very important business that the city council has to do and something like this is something that is never going to be, you know, [a] front-burner issue,” he answered.

Among the “front-burner” issues was a proposal before City Hall this year to force building owners in New York City to audit and re-fit their buildings for energy efficiency. Also sponsored by Gennaro, the bill faced intense opposition from the city’s real estate industry, which has argued that the measure would force them to make expensive upgrades but not realise any of their benefits. “You want the entity that bears the cost to get the benefit. And in some cases that just wasn’t the case and that’s just patently unfair and we’re not going to pass a bill that’s not fair,” says Gennaro. Ultimately, he stood next to City Council Speaker Christine Quinn at a City Hall press conference triumphantly announcing the bill’s passage. But it ostensibly lacked the initial re-fit language.

Despite these setbacks, Gennaro has had more than his fair share of legislative successes. He chuckles as he points out he needs an intern just to compile his record, which includes committing the city to green building principles, the 2030 carbon reduction targets and standing firm against any encroachments on New York’s upstate water supply.

“He really has been in many ways the conscience of the city council on a broad array of environmental issues,” says Eric Goldstein, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council who has known Gennaro for 20 years. Most notably, says Goldstein, “he’s really been the ‘Paul Revere’ of drinking water protection in New York.”

The sentiment was echoed by some of those who attended the public hearing at which he spoke last month. As he sat on the bench outside the auditorium, a visitor from West Virginia, a former commissioner of the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, and one of Goldstein’s colleagues from the Natural Resources Defense Council all paid Gennaro a visit to thank him for protecting the city’s water resources.

He hesitated over a word here or there. But he did not need a script to keep the lively conversation going well after other city council members had already left.

Deputy Mayor for Operations Ed Skyler speaks at a public hearing at Stuyvesant High School

The Bloomberg administration indicated that it may back an all-out ban on natural gas drilling within the city’s massive upstate watershed, which supplies 9 million New York residents with drinking water.

Ed Skyler, Deputy Mayor for Operations, said at a public hearing earlier this week that drilling could force the city to build expensive water treatment plants to filter out poisonous chemicals it leaves behind.

The mayor will wait for the outcome of a consultants’ study that is due in December before making a final decision, Skyler added. But unless the study shows that drilling can be done safely, the state should “ban altogether” any drilling in the watershed, he said.

Skyler delivered the remarks before a boisterous audience in the auditorium at Stuyvesant High School in downtown Manhattan, where 160 people lined up to voice their concerns about the controversial drilling proposal, which has pitted New Yorkers’ economic realities against health and environmental concerns over the city’s water supply.

The state’s Department of Environmental Conservation has published a decision arguing that to allow drilling could lead to billions of dollars of economic benefits and tax receipts for the state–as long as it is done safely. The energy industry, in turn, has argued that not only can the drilling be done safely, but it can also spur “green” job creation, since natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel than coal.

Last month, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, a gas company that owns rights to 5,000 acres within the watershed, said in a press release that it would not pursue drilling on those acres. It said that it may still pursue drilling elsewhere.

However, people at the hearing said they did not trust the company to keep its promise and insisted that a ban on drilling in the watershed was the only way to make sure Chesapeake would keep its promise.

Opponents argue that the drilling would inevitably result in poisonous chemicals seeping into the city’s water supply, requiring New York to invest billions in water filtration plants to treat the 1.5 billion gallons of water that currently supply the city with drinking water that does not need to be filtered.

Drilling would rely on a technique called “hydraulic fracturing,” in which water laced with various chemicals is used to break through rocks and allow natural gas to come up from the ground more easily.

The Department of Environmental Conservation has decided to require all drillers using hydraulic fracturing to register with the state and reveal the chemicals used in the process. But opponents say that wouldn’t do much to safeguard the safety of the drinking water.

“Sure, there’s a couple of things in here that you wouldn’t mind drinking,” Eric Goldstein, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council, told people gathered outside the hearing as he pointed to a giant print-out of the list of ingredients commonly used in hydraulic fracturing.

“But ethyl benzene – that’s a known carcinogen,” he added, as students leaving school raced past him on the way home.

Goldstein said job creation is a laudable goal but it shouldn’t trump public concerns over safety–a sentiment echoed by other public officials gathered at the hearing.

“There are many ways to create green jobs and economic development that do not involve sacrificing water supplies across the state,” New York City Council Member James Gennaro (D-Fresh Meadows) said in an interview.

Gennaro, who chairs the council’s environmental protection committee, has been a strident opponent of the drilling proposal.

He has introduced a council resolution urging Congress to ban an exemption in federal law that allows energy companies to drill near water supplies.

“Two important things happened tonight,” Gennaro said. “The deputy mayor came to the meeting and the word ‘ban’ passed his lips.”

The two candidates for mayor of New York City may have had a good reason to avoid talking about the environment. Both find themselves on the same side of a major environmental initiative: they support PlaNYC 2030, an ambitious blueprint for cutting the city’s carbon output 30 percent by 2030. But a critical component of the plan—figuring out a way to cut down on energy consumption by existing buildings—remains in limbo more than two and a half years after the city introduced the plan.

Without cracking down on the “gas guzzlers,” or buildings that use up the most energy due to their size and structure, meeting PlaNYC’s goals may prove difficult. Nancy Biberman, president of the Women’s Housing and Economic Development Corporation, a Bronx-based nonprofit organization that helps retrofit buildings for energy efficiency, estimates that 80 percent of the city’s carbon output comes from existing buildings.

“It is at this point morally inexcusable and hopefully at some point legally impermissible for a [building] owner to sit on a gas guzzler and say, ‘I’m not paying for it. Let it be,’ ” Biberman said. Under current law, owners can simply pass along energy costs to tenants. This provides them with a “complete disincentive” to make their buildings more energy efficient, Biberman added.

A bill introduced in April by City Council Member James Gennaro, Democrat from Queens, could change that. Gennaro, chairman of the environmental protection committee, wants to require commercial buildings with more than 50,000 square feet of space to undergo periodic energy audits. If existing energy systems, such as boilers and central heating, are found to be deficient, owners would have to replace them with newer, more efficient models.

“This is one of the ways we plan to meet the ambitious emissions reductions in PlaNYC,” Jason Post, a spokesperson from the Mayor’s Press Office, said in an email.

But the bill faces steep opposition from the Real Estate Board of New York, the voice of the city’s building owners. “This bill would result in major expenditures by landlords while the tenant gets whatever savings are achieved,” Marolyn Davenport, the board’s senior vice president, said in an email exchange.

Biberman said the Real Estate Board’s position is “disingenuous” because, while the tenants may be the ones consuming the energy, they cannot go into the basement and install a more energy efficient boiler just for their office space. Only the building owners can make those kinds of improvements. Biberman hopes the Gennaro bill will finally give them a reason to do so.

The battle over the bill may resume soon. William Murray, environmental policy assistant to Council Member Gennaro, said he expects the bill to be deliberated within the next month or so. “At that time, we’ll have a better sense of where it’s going,” Murray said.

Gathered outside the Museo del Barrio before the debate on October 13^th, some members of organized labor cited Bloomberg’s support for the Gennaro bill as one reason why they would be voting for him on November 3^rd.

“We think it’s a great idea. Retrofitting creates more jobs, it creates good union construction jobs, it’s a win-win situation for everybody,” said Pat Purcell, a member of United Food and Commercial Workers Union, local 1500, based in Queens Village.

Anne Fenton, a spokesperson for the Thompson campaign, said in an email the candidate also supports retrofitting older buildings to make them more energy efficient. Doing so, she said, could eliminate the need to build new power plants and help create jobs. Fenton declined to say whether Thompson supports the Gennaro bill.

Andrew Doba, a spokesperson for the Bloomberg campaign, said in an email the Mayor considers reduction of New York’s carbon footprint to be an “urgent priority” and, if re-elected, will “work expeditiously to update and implement PlaNYC over the next four years.”

Bloomberg is running as a Republican and Independent candidate, while Thompson is running as a Democrat. But New Yorkers opposed to PlaNYC also have a third choice.

“Energy efficiency is all well and fine. I don’t think that should be the government’s business,” said, Joseph Dobrian, the Libertarian Party’s candidate for mayor. Dobrian supports neither PlaNYC nor Gennaro’s bill.

“Absolutely not, no way. That’s government gone berserk,” he said.